Virtual chemistry

The title of the Project: Concentration This virtual laboratory is intended for use in chemistry classes on the following topics: Objectives: Practical part This simulation helps you to identify the relationships between solution components and concentration. Virtual experiment No.1. 3. Let’s observe how potassium permanganate dissolves. Add the solute to the water. Notice the solution’s color change, indicating the presence of the solute. 4. Use the “Evaporation” slider to remove water from the beaker. What happens?  Based on your observations, explain the term “saturated solution.” Virtual experiment No.2. Time to explore the connection between concentration and solution components. 5. Drag the concentration meter into the liquid. Observe how the concentration reading changes when you add solute, add water, or remove solution from the beaker. 6. Now, reset the simulation and choose a new solute, like nickel (II) chloride. This time, use the dropper to add the solute to the beaker. 7. Drag the concentration meter and place it below the dropper to measure the initial concentration before adding more solute. Record this number. 8. Use a formula to calculate the concentration of the diluted solution. C1 * V1 = C2 * V2 C2= (C1*V1)/V2 where: C1 = Initial concentration (known) V1 = Initial volume (assumed constant as no solute is added or removed before measurement) C2 = Final concentration (unknown, what they are trying to calculate) V2 = Final volume (known from the simulation) 9. Let’s check your prediction! Place the concentration meter back into the beaker to see the actual concentration in the simulation. Does it match your calculation? Repeat this experiment with different solutes to solidify your understanding of concentration changes. Make a conclusion. Conclusion By following these steps and encouraging exploration with various solutes, students can gain valuable insights into solution concentration using the PhET “Concentration” simulation.

The title of the Project: Molarity This virtual laboratory is intended for use in chemistry classes on the following topics: Objectives: Practical part 1.Launch the simulation. A beaker containing a solution will appear on the screen. You can select the solute you want to investigate from the dropdown menu. 2.On the left side of the beaker, you’ll find two sliders. These sliders allow you to adjust the amount of solute and the volume of the solution by dragging them up and down. As you manipulate the sliders, pay attention to the red arrow on the right side. This arrow represents the concentration of the solution and will change accordingly. You might also notice the color of the solution becoming more or less intense as you adjust the amount of solute. 3.Check the “Solution Values” box to see the number of moles of solute and liters of solution. 4.Select a solute from the dropdown menu (e.g., drink mix, copper sulfate).Use the slider to add or remove solute and observe the solution’s color intensity. 5.Use the other slider to adjust the volume of solution.Watch how the concentration changes with adjustments. 6.Spend some time exploring. Try changing both solute amount and solution volume. Analyze the patterns. How does the amount of solute and solution volume affect the color intensity and concentration? 7.Based on your observations, try writing a mathematical formula for calculating molarity that relates: 8. Experiment with different solutes. Use your formula to predict the concentration for a few cases.Verify your predictions by checking the actual concentration in the simulation. Does your formula hold true? 9.Notice how each solute has a maximum concentration it can reach in the solution. This concept is called solubility. You can explore this further with PhET’s “Concentration” simulation. Conclusion The “Molarity” simulation is a valuable tool to understand solution concentration. By following these steps and exploring the simulation, students can learn how the amount of solute, solution volume, and concentration are interconnected.

The title of the Project: Isotopes and atomic mass This virtual laboratory is intended for use in chemistry classes on the following topics: Objectives: Practical part Virtual experiment No.1: Isotopes In this screen you investigate what isotopes are by building various isotopes. Virtual experiment No.2: Mixture Here, you can create mixtures of isotopes for elements from the first three periods. reset button erase button in this mode the number of atoms are given in the buckets in this mode the number of isotopes can be regulated with a slider Conclusion Through this simulation, students have gained valuable insights into isotopes, their properties, and their impact on an element’s average atomic mass. They can now confidently identify isotopes, explain their differences, and calculate average atomic mass based on isotopic composition.

The title of the Project: Molecular structure This virtual laboratory is intended for use in chemistry classes on the following topics: Objectives: Practical part Getting started Building Your Molecules Button to restart the simulation Button for rearranging a collection of molecules Button to return atoms to baskets Go to the next task button   + + = CO2 Conclusion This virtual laboratory work, “Build a Molecule,” provided an engaging and interactive experience to explore the concept of molecules and their formation. By utilizing the PhET simulation, students were able to visualize different elements, interpret chemical formulas, and practice constructing various molecules through a user-friendly interface. This activity fostered a deeper understanding of the fundamental building blocks of matter and their interactions.

The title of the Project: The movement of electrons in atoms. Electron shells This virtual laboratory is intended for use in chemistry classes on the following topics: Purpose of the virtual laboratory work: Virtual experiment: Electron shells Characteristics of atomic particles Table 1 Particles Mass number Charge number Note proton 1  +1 The number of protons is equal to the ordinal number of the element neutron 1  0 The number of neutrons can be found by the following formula:N=А r  -Z , А r  -atomic mass number, Z – number of protons electron 0  -1 The number of electrons is equal to the ordinal number of the element Conclusion: In this virtual lab, students explored the atomic structure by studying protons, neutrons, and electrons. They delved deeper through experiments on the arrangements of electrons in electron shells. As a result, they discovered a connection between electron shell structure and the element’s position on the periodic table.

The title of the Project: Atomic composition and structure This virtual laboratory is intended for use in chemistry classes on the following topics: Purpose of the virtual laboratory work: Practical part Characteristics of atomic particles Table 1 Particles Mass number Charge number Note proton 1  +1 The number of protons is equal to the ordinal number of the element neutron 1  0 The number of neutrons can be found by the following formula:N=А r  -Z , А r  -atomic mass number, Z – number of protons electron 0  -1 The number of electrons is equal to the ordinal number of the element Virtual experiment No.1 : Atomic structure Virtual experiment No.2 : A chemical symbol Conclusion: Through this virtual laboratory work, students have learned that atoms, the building blocks of all matter, are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. By manipulating these virtual atoms, they observed how altering their structure impacts the element and its properties. Importantly, they discovered the link between the number of protons and an element’s location on the periodic table.